The clearance of stones through customs represents one of the most intricate and nuanced processes in international trade. Stones, as fundamental raw materials in diverse industries such as construction, architecture, and interior design, occupy a pivotal role in global markets. The import and export of various stone types, including marble, granite, travertine, basalt, and decorative stones, necessitate comprehensive knowledge of customs clearance procedures, international regulations, and the intricacies of customs tariffs.
Types of Imported Stones and Their Applications
1. Marble
Applications: Marble, renowned for its aesthetic appeal and durability, is among the most sought-after building stones. It is utilized for flooring, wall cladding, interior and exterior facades, and even sculptures. Its resistance to wear and its attractive coloration make it an optimal choice for luxurious environments.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw or semi-processed marble falls under code 25151200. If the marble is in slab form, it is classified under code 68029100.
2. Granite
Applications: Granite, due to its high hardness and resistance to pressure and thermal variations, is employed in flooring, staircases, building facades, and paving stones. Additionally, it is used in the construction of robust structures such as bridges and dams.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw granite is categorized under code 25161100, while processed or cut granite is under code 68022300.
3. Travertine
Applications: Travertine, with its porous texture and water absorption capabilities, is favored for building facades, flooring, and wet environments such as bathrooms and pools. This stone is particularly esteemed by interior designers for its natural aesthetic.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw or semi-processed travertine is classified under code 25161190, while processed travertine falls under code 68022390.
4. Limestone
Applications: Limestone is extensively utilized in the construction industry, notably in the production of cement and lime. It is also applied in the production of blocks, flooring, and as a foundational material in road and building construction.
Customs Tariff Code: Unprocessed limestone is classified under code 25210000.
5. Basalt
Applications: Owing to its high resistance to heat and pressure, basalt is employed in industrial projects, road construction, and bridge building. It is also used in the manufacture of refractory and heat-resistant materials.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw basalt is classified under code 25162000, whereas processed basalt uses code 68029300.
6. Onyx Marble
Applications: Onyx marble, characterized by its vivid colors and unique translucency, is one of the most opulent stones used in interior decoration. It finds applications in interior facades, flooring, and decorative artifacts.
Customs Tariff Code: Onyx marble is classified under code 25151210.
7. Slate
Applications: Due to its high resistance to moisture and wear, slate is utilized in flooring, wall cladding, and as outdoor paving.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw slate is classified under code 25140000, while processed or cut slate is under code 68030010.
8. Sandstone
Applications: Sandstone is often employed for building facades and outdoor pavements owing to its resilience against adverse weather conditions.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw or semi-processed sandstone is classified under code 25169010, and cut sandstone uses code 68022900.
9. Quartzite
Applications: Quartzite, recognized for its hardness and high resistance, is used for flooring, as well as interior and exterior facades, and also in the production of refractory materials.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw quartzite is classified under code 25162010, while processed quartzite falls under code 68029900.
10. Dolomite
Applications: Dolomite is widely used in the construction industry, the production of cement and lime, and also in the chemical and glass industries.
Customs Tariff Code: Raw dolomite is classified under code 25181000.
Special Conditions for Import and Export of Stone
1. Quality and Standards
The import and export of building stones are subject to rigorous international standards. These standards encompass physical properties such as resistance to wear, pressure tolerance, water absorption, and aesthetic attributes. European and American countries often enforce more stringent regulations regarding stone quality, particularly for stones used in large public infrastructure projects. For instance, the European Union mandates that imported stones comply with EN standards, covering aspects such as quality, processing, cutting, and even packaging and transportation. Non-compliance with these standards can lead to the confiscation of goods at the customs of the destination country or their return to the country of origin.
2. Environmental Certificates
The extraction of stones can have significant environmental consequences, including habitat destruction and pollution. Consequently, many countries, particularly in the EU and North America, have implemented requirements for the importation of environmentally-certified stones. Certificates demonstrating compliance with environmental standards during extraction are necessary to enter these countries. These certificates must be issued by accredited international bodies and affirm that the extraction and processing of the stone occurred without harming natural resources.
Volume of Stone Imports and Exports to Iran
Iran is one of the foremost global exporters of building stones, notably travertine and marble, which are exported to countries such as China, Italy, India, and Turkey. According to current statistics, Iran generates approximately 250 million USD annually from stone exports.
Conversely, Iran also imports various stone types to fulfill its domestic requirements. Granite and basalt represent the largest share of imports, primarily sourced from countries like China, India, and Italy. The demand for specific stones for modern and luxury architectural projects is also increasing.
Global Stone Trade
The stone industry constitutes one of the largest global sectors, encompassing a significant portion of international trade each year. The annual turnover of the building stone market exceeds 8 billion USD. Major exporters include China, India, Brazil, Spain, and Italy, collectively accounting for more than half of global stone exports. In contrast, European countries and the United States are the largest importers of building stones.
Top Stone Exporters Worldwide
China: As the largest global exporter of building stones, China dominates the export of granite and marble.
India: With extensive granite reserves and a variety of vibrant stones, India is a leading exporter of natural stones.
Italy: Renowned globally for its marble and travertine, Italy's famous quarries make it a major exporter.
Spain: Spain also holds a substantial share in the export of building stones, particularly marble and travertine.
Brazil: Brazil is particularly active in granite production and export, especially to American and European markets.
Top Stone Importers Worldwide
USA: The largest importer of building stones, the United States imports significant quantities from China, India, and Brazil annually.
Italy: Despite being a major exporter, Italy imports certain types of stones from other countries to meet its needs.
Germany: Germany is a significant importer of building stones, primarily sourcing from Spain and Italy.
France: Stone imports into France come from both European countries and from India and China.
Documents Required for Customs Clearance of Stones
The clearance of building and decorative stones from customs necessitates a precise set of documents. These documents are indispensable not only for the legal process of import and export but also to ensure that the goods are successfully delivered to the destination country.
1. Commercial Invoice
The commercial invoice is a critical document for customs clearance of stones. Issued by the seller or exporter, it provides details such as the final price of the goods, the number of packages, and the type of stone. This invoice serves as the basis for calculating customs duties and fees.
2. Packing List
The packing list provides comprehensive details about the packaging of the goods, including the number of packages, gross weight, and net weight of each package. This document assists customs in assessing the shipment and verifying the number and weight of the packages.
3. Bill of Lading
The bill of lading is a document issued by the transport company, indicating ownership of the goods. It contains information such as the origin, destination, method of transport, and specific details of the goods. It serves as proof of shipment and is essential for customs clearance.
4. Certificate of Origin
This certificate specifies the country of origin of the stone. Usually provided by the Chamber of Commerce in the exporting country, it is essential for determining customs tariffs and qualifying for tariff discounts between countries. In some instances, customs may not permit clearance without this certificate.
5. Standard Certificate
Depending on the destination country, stones may be required to comply with specific standards. Certain countries require standard certificates to verify the quality of goods. These certificates confirm that the stones meet international quality standards. Countries like the United States and those in Europe have more rigorous regulations in this regard.
6. Environmental Certificates
In certain cases, the extraction or processing of stones may have environmental implications. Therefore, some countries mandate environmental certificates for stones that could have an adverse environmental impact. These certificates must verify that the extraction and processing adhered to environmental standards.
7. Order Registration Permit
The initial step for importing goods into a country involves registering the order in relevant systems. This permit affirms that the goods are authorized for importation. Without this permit, customs clearance may encounter considerable challenges.
8. Inspection Certificate
In some scenarios, an international inspection company must examine the stones before importation. The inspection certificate ensures compliance with the quality standards of the destination country.
9. Customs Declaration
The customs declaration is a fundamental document for clearing goods. It includes detailed information regarding the goods, such as type, quantity, value, weight, and customs tariff code. The declaration is submitted by the importer or their authorized representative and is the basis for calculating customs duties and fees.
10. Special Permits
Depending on the type of stone or the destination country, specific permits may be required, such as those issued by the Ministry of Industry, Mining, and Trade or other governmental entities. These permits are typically needed for unique types of stones or those with particular attributes.
Specialized Services of Saba Brokerage in Stone Clearance
With a team of proficient specialists in the clearance of building and decorative stones, comprehensive services are offered in this domain. These services encompass expert consultation, document preparation, meticulous assessment, and expedited processing of clearance procedures, as outlined below:
Expert Consultation for Order Registration and Permit Acquisition: Our experienced consultants facilitate the complete process of order registration and the procurement of necessary permits, such as standard and environmental certificates, in a timely and thorough manner.
Preparation and Submission of Customs Documentation: All required documents for stone clearance, including the bill of lading, commercial invoice, packing list, and certificates of origin, are diligently prepared and compiled to facilitate a seamless clearance process.
Meticulous Goods Assessment and Determination of Customs Tariffs: Based on the tariff code for each stone type and prevailing customs regulations, our experts aim to optimize customs-related costs and minimize superfluous expenses.
Expedited Follow-Up of Clearance Procedures: Leveraging extensive customs experience, all steps in the clearance of stones are executed expeditiously to ensure prompt delivery of goods.
Through these services, clients benefit from a swift, dependable, and cost-effective process for the clearance of various types of building and decorative stones. Our dedicated team is committed to managing every aspect of the import and export process to ensure optimal outcomes.
Contact our experts for more information.
